10 facts about Nicaragua

Here are ten facts about the country that you may not have known before.

1. Nicaragua has two coasts, each bordering a different ocean. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country and the Caribbean to the east.

2. Although Nicaragua’s capital is Managua, the city of Granada is probably the most popular amongst tourists, and in fact is the oldest city on continental Latin America. It was founded in 1524 by Hernandez de Cordoba, who gave his name to the national currency – the Cordoba.

3. The dry season in Nicaragua runs from December to May and the wettest months are usually June and October. The most popular time to visit is in November.

4. The people, and most of the economic activity, are concentrated in the western highlands, around the two Great Lakes – Managua and Nicaragua.

5. The national sport of Nicaragua is baseball, which is even more popular than football!

6. The name Nicaragua comes from a combination of two words, “nicarao” and “agua”. The Nicarao were the Indian tribe who occupied the shores of Lake Nicaragua when the Spaniards arrived in the 1500’s. “Agua” is the Spanish word for water.

7. Today, the main language is Spanish, although native tribes on the eastern coast speak their native languages, such as Miskito, Sumo and Rama, as well as English Creole.

8. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain after the Mexican revolution ended in September 15, 1821.  September 15th is celebrated as Independence Day and is a national holiday in Nicaragua.

9. Probably Nicaragua’s most famous feature, Lake Nicaragua covers a vast 8,264 sq km and is home to more than 430 volcanic islands. It’s also home to a unique range of fish, some of which don’t exist anywhere else in the world.

10. Much of Nicaraguan food is based on corn. Cassava, beans and chili pepper are also widely used as ingredients in different Nicaraguan dishes. One of the most common Nicaraguan dishes is Nacatamales: Cornflower dumplings boiled in plantain leaves stuffed with vegetables.

Cactus offers Spanish courses in Central and South America.

Cactustefl.com recognised as one of the ‘100 publications that most changed TEFL’

Tefl.net is a well-established and popular website geared towards EFL teachers. A recent article on the site lists the 100 publications that most changed TEFL – one of which is the Cactus TEFL site.

Cactus TEFL has been in existence for almost a decade now, and right from the start has offered a unique service to prospective and existing EFL teachers.

Our unbiased approach to advice and admissions, and our huge network of respected contacts within the TEFL industry helped us to produce a comprehensive, up to date and neutral website, which continues to attract a large number of visitors each week.

Whilst there are lots of TEFL related websites around today, when the site was first launched this was not the case and it was relatively hard for anyone interested in TEFL to find the information that they needed.

Our aim was always to provide visitors to the site with the facts to allow them to make an informed decision about whether TEFL is for them, and about the type of course that they should take. In addition, our course listings have provided practical help in comparing locations, start dates and prices. In this regard, our format was an early version of the price comparison sites that have become so popular today.

Over the years, thousands of would-be TEFLers have used the site as a resource to research TEFL and how to become qualified before making the decision to take a training course. Thousands more have gone a step further and used the site as a free admissions portal to apply for the TEFL course of their choice.

We’re delighted that the site has been recognised for its worth, and are happy that we have been able to help so many people begin their TEFL journey over the years.

For more information on TEFL courses, and details of TEFL opportunities around the world, please visit www.cactustefl.com.

10 ways to get the most out of your evening language course

1. Attend every class

Most evening language courses consist of ten 2-hour sessions, whether they span five or ten weeks. The relatively short length of the courses means that a fair amount of information is covered in each session, and therefore that it’s really important for students to aim to attend all. If you need to miss a class due to a prior commitment, or because you’re unwell, you should ask your teacher to fill you in on what you’ve missed.

2. Set yourself realistic goals

Becoming totally fluent in a language takes lots of time and effort. Of course, if you’re dedicated and determined you can definitely achieve this, but in reality, getting to grips with the basics is what you need to concentrate on initially. It’s important to have a good idea of what can be achieved in the time you have so that you can set yourself realistic goals and avoid any disappointment. Reading our course outlines will give you a good indication of what you can expect to achieve at your level.

3. Always do your homework

Many language learners fall into the trap of thinking that all they have to do is turn up to their lessons and concentrate to become proficient. Of course, this goes a long way towards it but it’s vital for anyone attending a course to put the hours in outside of lessons too. You may not be at school or college, but it’s still important to do your homework!

4. Immerse yourself as much as possible in the language outside of classes

Along the same vein, anything extra that you can do outside of your classes will be hugely beneficial to your learning. Immersing yourself in the language, whether by watching a film, listening to music or radio, reading the newspaper, or even eating in a restaurant that specialises in the food of a country where your foreign language is spoken is great for picking up and practising new vocabulary and structures, and of course for improving your comprehension and pronunciation.

5. Invest in a good dictionary

When you sign up for an evening course you’ll be provided with a textbook, but it’s down to you to buy a dictionary and a book of verb tables. It’s not generally recommended that you use a dictionary in class, but it’ll help enormously with any homework set. A dictionary will also come in useful when you finally head abroad to test out your skills…you can guarantee, it’ll help you out in all kinds of situations!

6. Ask your teacher if you don’t understand

One of the great things about learning languages in an evening or part-time class, where class numbers rarely go above 12, is that it’s much easier to say if you haven’t understood something. At school or in college this can be more difficult because the classes are larger, but with small or individual classes you have much more of a say in the pace of the course, and also benefit from more individual time with the teacher. It’s really important to flag any uncertainties up with your tutor so that you can address the issue and move on when you’ve fully understood.

7. Don’t be put off by grammar

It’s sometimes the case that people who take up a language later in life have not always had a great experience of learning languages in school. Of course, this can often be down to fierce teachers, or a lack of interest in the subject at the time, but often people put it down to the complexities of grammar. Learning the grammatical norms and structures of a language can of course be harder than simply learning vocabulary, but equally, it’s usually not as difficult as people imagine. The more you’re exposed to the language, the more familiar with these structures you’ll become and before you know it you’ll be using them with ease.

8. Make sure you tell your teacher straight away if you feel you’re in the wrong class

We have specific language level tests for prospective students to use to gauge their level, and normally students find themselves in the correct level group. Occasionally, students do find that the class is too easy or too hard though, and in this case it’s essential to say something sooner rather than later. We’ll make sure the issue is addressed, and if necessary will place you in a different group – capacity permitting.

9. If possible, combine it with time abroad in a country where the language is spoken

As we have already mentioned, immersing yourself in the foreign language you’re learning outside of lessons is really important. Whilst films, music, radio, cultural events are all great, being able to go abroad and actually spend time in a country where the foreign language is spoken can be priceless. Not only will it help you practise what you know, and hopefully learn more, it will also give you a really authentic experience of the culture and hopefully inspire you to keep learning.  Whether you go for a long weekend during your course, or a week or two afterwards, you’ll certainly reap the benefits, and especially if your time abroad is spent at a foreign language school where you can have a further week of language lessons.

10.Persevere!

Learning a language proficiently takes time and dedication. Of course, there will be aspects of the language that you find easier than others but try not to be put off by any difficulties that you encounter…the first time you have a conversation with someone in the language you’re learning, or the first time a request or question you ask is understood, it’ll all seem worth it!

Cactus offers part-time and evening courses in locations around the UK, the US and Canada. Courses are available in a wide range of languages and at a variety of levels, from beginner to advanced.

English courses in the UK – how to choose your destination

Whilst it’s great to have lots of different places on offer, it can sometimes make it hard to decide which one to choose.

Here’s our list of things to consider, which we hope will make your decision-making easier!

1. What kind of course do you want to do – General, Intensive, Individual, Combined, Business, Exam Preparation? Most schools offer ‘General’ courses, but not all offer Business English, or Exam Preparation courses, for example, so it’s best to narrow your choice down by establishing which offer the course that you’d most like to follow…this will eliminate some destinations for a start.

2. Do you have an accommodation preference? Again, not all schools offer all types of accommodation, so if you specifically want to stay in a shared apartment, or a student residence, for example, there will be some schools that wouldn’t be able to offer that. Most school offer homestay accommodation, so if this is the kind of thing you’d like, you’ll have a wider range of options.

3. How long do you want to study for? Whilst most schools are flexible when it comes to course length, some, for example, offer courses that are a minimum of 2 weeks in length, which wouldn’t be suitable for anyone hoping to do a short 1-week course. It’s certainly worth checking the minimum or maximum length of the courses available at each school.

4. How much money have you got to spend? As is the case in every country, some cities will be more expensive to live in than others. In the UK, cities like London, Brighton and Oxford will probably be more expensive than the likes of Nottingham, Sheffield and Glasgow. If you’re on a tight budget and want to get more for your money, it’s worth doing your research into the cost of living in different cities. Generally speaking (with the exception of Edinburgh and Chester), you can get more for your money in the northern UK cities.

5. Do you want to study in a big city or somewhere smaller? The UK has a huge mix of cities – some are large and industrial, others are smaller and more historic. If you’re not used to living somewhere large and ‘urban’ (like London, Liverpool, Bristol or Leeds) you might be better off somewhere smaller, and more compact, such as Canterbury, Exeter, Cheltenham or Cambridge.

6. Would you like to be somewhere with a thriving language school industry, or somewhere where there are likely to be fewer international students? English language schools are found all around the UK, but there are certain cities that have a very large number. These places obviously have lots of foreign students, which means that there are lots of activities specifically for you on offer, but that sometimes it’s harder to practise your English and immerse yourself in the culture. Some cities with a large number of language schools include Brighton, Cambridge, London, Oxford and Bournemouth.

7. Would you prefer to study somewhere with a ‘standard’ form of English, or somewhere with an interesting accent? When it comes to learning English, some students want to learn traditionally the most ‘prestigious’ form, which is usually considered to be spoken in London and the Home Counties. Regional accents are an important part of British culture though, and sometimes it can be more interesting to live in a community with a different accent. Aside from Belfast, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Cardiff, these could include the English cities of Newcastle, Liverpool and Leeds.

8. Do you mind studying in a place where it often rains, or where the weather can often be cold? It might sound like a minor point comparatively, but there can be quite a big difference in climate depending on whether you choose a destination in the south/north, east/west of the UK. Admittedly, the UK is not known for its tropical weather, but the north and west of the country often receive more rainfall than in the south and east. Cities in the very north of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland can also get much colder weather, with more snowfall and freezing temperatures in the winter. If you’re looking for the mildest climate, you’re probably best advised to choose a location on the south coast, such as Brighton, Bournemouth or Torquay (on the so-called ‘English Riviera’).

Currently, Cactus offers English courses in English courses in Bath, Belfast, Bournemouth, Brighton, Bristol, Cambridge, Canterbury, Cardiff, Cheltenham, Chester, Colchester, Edinburgh, Exeter, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, Oxford, Sheffield, Torquay and Winchester.

Types of language courses that you can do abroad

Most people assume that the only decisions you have to make when it comes to booking a language course abroad are where you want to go, and how long you want to go for. In actual fact, there is another consideration on top of those – what type of course you want to do.

Amongst the options to choose from are ‘general’ courses, ‘intensive’ courses, ‘combined’ courses and ‘mini- group’ courses …whilst some of these are fairly self-explanatory, it is difficult to understand exactly what others mean!

Here is a run down of what the different course classifications normally denote.



‘General’ course

This is the most common type of course, and tends to involve around 15-20 hours of study per week, depending on the school. The lessons will normally just take place in the morning – they won’t be spread over an entire day. Larger, busier schools can sometimes offer students the choice as to whether they want their lessons in either morning or afternoon ‘slots’.

‘Intensive’ course

Intensive courses are designed for students who are only able to go abroad for a short amount of time and therefore may want more intensive language tuition each week. This type of course tends to involve all-day study, although morning and afternoon sessions may focus on different skills, and are normally taught by different teachers.

‘Combined’ course

If a language school abroad offers a ‘combined’ course, this is most likely to be a course that involves both individual tuition and group sessions. The group classes normally take place in the morning and encourage student interaction and practical communication skills. The individual classes are usually in the afternoon, and are designed to allow you to work on areas you need to practise, or which are of particular interest to you.

‘Mini group’ course

‘Mini group’ courses are available as both ‘general’ and ‘intensive’ courses. As you would expect, the term just describes courses that are made up of smaller groups. The reduced number of students means that students can have more direct contact with the teacher as well as more personal attention within class.

‘Individual’ course

This type of course is another with a fairly obvious meaning. Anyone who takes an ‘individual’ course will have one-to-one tuition with a teacher for the duration. These courses obviously give students the opportunity to focus specifically on the areas they want to work on, and often result in swift progress.

‘Exam preparation’ course

Exam preparation courses are designed for people who want to study a language for a certain amount of time with the aim of gaining a specific qualification to prove their ability at the end. In terms of European languages like French and German this will usually be a GCSE or A Level course. Exam preparation courses tend to be much more popular amongst students of English though, who have a range of exams available to them, including the Cambridge exams, IELTS and TOEFL.

More about language courses abroad.

Learn German in Hamburg this May and enjoy the lively Hafengeburtstag celebrations

The annual celebrations have become popular with inhabitants and tourists alike, and in the last few years they have attracted over a million visitors. If you can coincide your German course with them, you’re guaranteed a great insight into German culture.

The celebrations mark a significant date in Hamburg’s history – one which played an important role in Hamburg’s development into the huge port that it has become. On 7th May 1189 Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman Emperor, is reputed to have put his seal to a letter which granted ships from Hamburg the right to sail along the river Elbe to the North Sea without having to pay customs duties. Consequently, 7th May 1189 is widely regarded as the day on which the port of Hamburg was founded.

An array of international ships, both old and new, large and small, will take part in the celebrations. The harbour will be filled with beautiful vessels to admire, and in some cases, board, and there will also be a number of displays both on the water and in the air for on-lookers to enjoy.

In addition, there will be hundreds of food and drinks stalls along the 3.5 kilometre ‘Hafenmeile’, as well as entertainment areas for live music acts, all of which you can enjoy free of charge!

Cactus offers a range of German courses in Hamburg, including General German, Individual German, Combined German, Intensive German and Business German. Classes are offered from beginner – advanced and accommodation can be arranged with a local host family, in a shared apartment or in a student residence.

Find out more on the Hamburg Harbour Birthday Festival

Endangered languages: a glimmer of hope

Enduring Voices, run in conjunction with the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, aims to preserve endangered languages by identifying locations where languages are most at risk, and then documenting the languages and cultures within them. These locations comprise those that harbour the planet’s most unique, lesser understood and most threatened languages.

The sad and shocking reality is that, if current trends continue, more than half of the world’s 7,000 languages will die out by the year 2100. That’s one language every fortnight. And with every language that disappears, so too does the culture and history intrinsically linked to each one. Stories, songs, traditions and knowledge passed down from generations will be lost, as will local knowledge about the land, traditional remedies and privileged knowledge about the natural world. To make matters worse, some of these language have not yet even been recorded, and some exist only in verbal form, rather than written – making them even harder to preserve.

Why are all these languages in danger of disappearing entirely?

As has been happening throughout history, some languages will naturally be more dominant or hold more prestige than others, and it is these languages that will tend to be spoken to the detriment of smaller, less important languages. Official language policies may also encourage people to speak a common language, sometimes in preference to their local, native tongue which is then deemed to be less useful. On the same note, government policies that force tribes to leave traditional ways of life, by destroying their natural habitat for economic gain, for example, directly contribute to the loss of indigenous languages as well as to local knowledge and customs.

And the more a dominant language spreads, the more importance it gains, and the more people want to learn it – sometimes resulting in parents not passing down the language of their ancestors to their children, in favour of the language that they think will help them progress further in the world and gain future employment.

So, although this is a naturally occurring phenomenon in human history, the rate at which languages are disappearing has accelerated over recent years and this is why the National Geographic’s Enduring Voices project could not come at a more pertinent time.

Fascinating language facts:

• More than 500 languages (more than 5% of the world’s total) are spoken in Nigeria alone. Some of these languages may only be spoken by a handful of people, many of these elderly.

• 80% of Africa’s 2,000 languages have no written form

• The Tofa language of Central Siberia is spoken by less than 30 people now, all of them elderly, and is likely to become the next victim of Russian-only government policies that force speakers of minority languages to use the national language

• Small populations of speakers such as those in Eastern India and Malaysia have potential to be wiped up by a single catastrophic natural disaster such as the 2004 tsunami

• Some languages such as Yami, on the tiny Irala Island south of Taiwan, are intrinsically linked to the local way of life; here on Irala, Yami contains the names for over 450 species of fish, which is the major food source – and of which, according to local culture, pregnant women are only permitted to eat 4!

• Oklahoma is home to the highest density of indigenous languages in the US

• The Andes mountains in South America, including part of the Amazon Basin, contains some of the most endangered languages, as Spanish, Portuguese and the most dominant indigenous languages replace minority ones

Read the article in full on the National Geographic website

Where can I study German in Bavaria?

Located in the southeast of Germany, Bavaria (Bayern in German) borders the Czech Republic, Austria and Switzerland (across Lake Constance). It is actually one of the oldest states in Europe, and today is still Germany’s largest in geographical terms.

As you’d expect from its location, the region is home to some really stunning scenery, including beautiful forests (such as the Black Forest – ‘der Schwarzwald’), lush meadows and even its own mountain range, the Bavarian Alps. Germany’s highest peak, der Zugspitze, lies within these mountains.

Bavaria has a very unique identity, and in some ways the people who live there are very different to those in other parts of the country. This relates not only to their customs, traditional dress and food, but also their language – whilst most people in Bavaria speak ‘High German’ (the most standard form of the language), many also speak the regional dialect, Bayerisch, which, even to a proficient German speaker can be tricky to understand!

There are several locations within Bavaria where you can take a German language course, some in large cities and some in smaller, more rural towns.

Currently, Cactus offers courses in the following locations:

Munich

• Bavaria’s capital city and the biggest and most cosmopolitan of all the region’s towns and cities.

• Full of history and culture, with numerous museums and art galleries, and some really spectacular architecture to see.

• Great nightlife, with lots of bars, restaurants and cafes, both traditional and modern in design and offerings.

• A fantastic public transport system, which makes it very easy to get around.

• A very attractive city with lots of nice buildings and plenty of green areas – the English Gardens are particularly nice to sit in or stroll around.

German courses in Munich

Lindau image

• A relatively small town situated on the eastern part of Lake Constance.

• Located on a small island, connected to the mainland by bridge and railway.

• Boasts a stunning setting, surrounded by lakes, forests, vineyards with the Austrian and Swiss Alps in the background.

• Has a pretty medieval old-town with some attractive renaissance buildings, and a famous lighthouse at the entrance to the port.

• A popular tourist destination, especially in the summertime, when visitors can enjoy the scenery from one of the outdoor cafes and restaurants on the waterfront.

German courses in Lindau

Regensburg image

• Located further north in Bavaria than Munich and Lindau, to the west of the Black Forest and close to the Czech border.

• Has a large medieval centre that has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• Home to some beautiful buildings and structures, including the famous Dom St Peter and the Steinerne Bruecke, built over the Danube in the 12th century.

• Livelier than Lindau and Radolfzell but less expensive than Munich.

• A university city with a good nightlife to cater for the student population there.

German courses in Regensburg

Radolfzell image

• A small town on the western end of Lake Constance.

• Has a very attractive town centre with lots of historic buildings and houses that have been faithfully restored to their former glory.

• The surrounding countryside offers lots of opportunities for sailing, sufing, golf, tennis, cycling and walking.

• Benefits students who want to learn in tranquil, safe surroundings.

• Has a friendly local population who will be happy for you to practise your new-found German skills!

German courses in Radolfzell

Footprint Guide to Colombia - March 2011

Cactus gets a special mention in the Footprint Guide to Colombia, which gives unrivalled, in-depth travel information about the country, from places to stay, to regional and national tourist attractions. 

Cactus Language Travel Holidays, T0845-130 4775, https://www.cactuslanguage.com offers Spanish language courses often combined with activities such as salsa or gastronomy in different parts of Colombia, including Bogotá, Cartagena and Leticia.

The Cultural Expose - March 2011

The Cultural Expose is a popular website for Londoners interested in exciting cultural events. Cactus set-up a competition to win evening course, and promoted its taster events via the site:

…So I opted to do French last year (J’ai deux lapin et un chien…et tu?) and learned, amongst many things, how to tell people I have two rabbits and a dog – pets which I actually, er, don’t have – and to ask the French to repeat what they say more slooooooooowly (est-ce que vous pourriez repeter lentement, s’il vous plaît?). And yes, I did pass! However, I wouldn’t mind brushing up on my language skills – and if you feel the same way, this competition is totally for YOU.

Thanks to Cactus Language training, you could be in with a chance to win a free 10-week evening course to learn a language of YOUR choice, worth £200. They’re one of the leading language training companies in the world and you can learn everything from French, Spanish, Japanese to Italian and Farsi (subject to availability).

For your chance to win it, simply enter via our special Facebook and Twitter pages or our microsite. Encourage a friend to enter too!

**The competition closes at 10am March 13th and winners will be informed by the 14th. Good luck!**

ALSO – Cactus Training will be holding a free language taster evening on March 23rd. You can try out beginners French, Italian, Spanish and Mandarin AND there’s wine and nibbles 😉 To book your place, click here.

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